Development and application of negative pressure pneumatic conveying

氣力輸送應(yīng)用已有一百多年的歷史。六十年代以來，隨著各生產(chǎn)部門的工藝流程中散狀物料流化操作的比例不斷增加，并迅速朝綜合機械化和自動化方向發(fā)展，氣力輸送技術(shù)也獲得很大發(fā)展。目前它已廣泛地應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)輕工業(yè)的食品煙草釀造紡織木材加工行業(yè)重工業(yè)中的鑄造化工橡膠石油礦山等部門；交通運輸業(yè)中的港口車站和倉庫的裝卸以及建筑等生產(chǎn)部門的有運輸環(huán)節(jié)和工藝操作過程中。

The application of pneumatic conveying has a history of over a hundred years. Since the 1960s, with the increasing proportion of bulk material fluidization operations in various production departments' process flows and rapid development towards comprehensive mechanization and automation, pneumatic conveying technology has also achieved great development. At present, it has been widely used in agriculture, light industry, food, tobacco, brewing, textile, wood processing, heavy industry, casting, chemical engineering, rubber, petroleum, mining, and other departments; In the transportation industry, the loading and unloading of port stations and warehouses, as well as the transportation and process operations of production departments such as construction, are involved.

二負(fù)壓氣力輸送系統(tǒng)工作原理

Working principle of the two negative pressure pneumatic conveying system

在氣力輸送網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，風(fēng)機工作時，風(fēng)機的進口段管道形成負(fù)壓，出口段管道形成正壓，物料被風(fēng)機從進口段管道吸入，并在進口段管道中隨著帶有一定負(fù)壓速度的氣流輸送達到指定地方，這種方法就是負(fù)壓氣力輸送。

In the pneumatic conveying network, when the fan is working, negative pressure is formed in the inlet section of the fan, and positive pressure is formed in the outlet section of the fan. The material is sucked in by the fan from the inlet section of the pipeline and transported to the designated location with a certain negative pressure velocity in the inlet section of the pipeline. This method is called negative pressure pneumatic conveying.

三負(fù)壓氣力輸送的特點

Characteristics of three negative pressure pneumatic conveying

負(fù)壓氣力輸送物料量大，輸送距離遠(yuǎn)，輸送物料線路不受地形限制。與傳統(tǒng)提升機皮帶輸送機正壓輸送方式相比，負(fù)壓輸送的物料不外揚，輸送的物料安全環(huán)保。因此，負(fù)壓氣力輸送方式現(xiàn)在廣泛應(yīng)用于糧食，化工，建材等行業(yè)的粉料輸送中。

Negative pressure pneumatic conveying has a large amount of materials, a long conveying distance, and the conveying route is not limited by the terrain. Compared with the traditional positive pressure conveying method of the elevator belt conveyor, the negative pressure conveying material does not lift outward, and the conveyed material is safe and environmentally friendly. Therefore, the negative pressure pneumatic conveying method is now widely used in powder conveying in industries such as grain, chemical, and building materials.

在輸送過程中可同時進行混合分級粉碎烘干造粒等，也可以進行某些化學(xué)反應(yīng)。

During the transportation process, mixing, grading, crushing, drying, and granulation can be carried out simultaneously, as well as certain chemical reactions.

對不穩(wěn)定的化學(xué)物品可用惰性氣體輸送，安全可靠。

Inert gas can be used to transport unstable chemicals, ensuring safety and reliability.

設(shè)備簡單結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊工藝布置靈活占用面積小。選擇輸送路線容易。

The equipment is simple, structurally compact, and the process layout is flexible, occupying a small area. Choosing a conveying route is easy.

易于對整個系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)控制和自動化。

Easy to control and automate the entire system.

四負(fù)壓氣力輸送的設(shè)計及計算

Design and calculation of four negative pressure pneumatic conveying

負(fù)壓氣力輸送的設(shè)計計算時需要買方提供輸送物料的最大產(chǎn)量，物料的特性即物料的比重，溫度，濕度，粒度和散落性等，物料的輸送距離和路線。供應(yīng)方根據(jù)需求方提供的資料設(shè)計風(fēng)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖，計算風(fēng)網(wǎng)各參數(shù)。根據(jù)計算參數(shù)選擇旋風(fēng)除塵器，風(fēng)機，脈沖袋式除塵器的型號。

When designing and calculating negative pressure pneumatic conveying, the buyer needs to provide the maximum output of the conveyed material, the characteristics of the material, such as its specific gravity, temperature, humidity, particle size, and dispersibility, as well as the conveying distance and route of the material. The supplier designs the air network diagram and calculates the parameters of the air network based on the information provided by the demand party. Select the models of cyclone dust collector, fan, and pulse bag filter based on the calculation parameters.

五負(fù)壓氣力輸送與正壓氣力輸送的比較

Comparison between five negative pressure pneumatic conveying and positive pressure pneumatic conveying

負(fù)壓氣力輸送一般采用大風(fēng)量，中風(fēng)壓，風(fēng)壓一般在10000Pa左右，物料運行處于負(fù)壓狀態(tài)，物料在下料處與管道運行中不外揚，可以保持良好的生產(chǎn)連續(xù)性。因此，對生產(chǎn)環(huán)境不會造成污染，生產(chǎn)效率較高。正壓氣力輸送一般采用小風(fēng)量，高風(fēng)壓，風(fēng)壓一般在50000Pa左右，物料運行處于正壓狀態(tài)，物料在接料處和管道運行中容易外泄。因此，對生產(chǎn)環(huán)境容易造成污染。需要作進一步除塵處理。

Negative pressure pneumatic conveying generally adopts high air volume, medium air pressure, and air pressure generally around 10000Pa. The material is in a negative pressure state during operation, and the material does not lift outward at the feeding point and pipeline operation, which can maintain good production continuity. Therefore, it will not cause pollution to the production environment and has high production efficiency. Positive pressure pneumatic conveying generally adopts small air volume and high air pressure, with a wind pressure of around 50000 Pa. The material is in a positive pressure state during operation, and it is easy to leak out during material connection and pipeline operation. Therefore, it is easy to cause pollution to the production environment. Further dust removal treatment is required.

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